Grammar

Mr. Williams home page

Mrs. Emmerich's home page

Mrs. Berb's home page

Nouns- person, place, thing, ideas
examples of common nouns: person-student place-school thing-desk idea-beauty

= Pronouns- take the place of nouns =
 * personal pronouns subjective**: I, we, you, he, they, she, he, it
 * Personal pronouns objective**: me, us, you, them, her, him, it

= Verbs =

example: Jack **ran** a marathon. **ran** is the **action verb**
 * action verbs**- words that show action....visible actions or action of the mind

examples: We **are** going to a basketball game. **are** is the **helping verb** and **going** is the main verb or **action verb.** Your car **should be** crushed**. should** and **be** are both **helping verbs** and **crushed** is the main verb or **action verb.**
 * helping verbs**- verbs that help the main verb in a verb phrase.

examples: He **is** happy. My brother **is** a dentist.
 * linking verbs**- links or joins the subject of the sentence to a noun, pronoun or adjective which renames or describes the subject.

examples: I **am**. They **are**.
 * being verbs**- state of being in the form of the verb, be. They are: am, is, are was, were

Direct Object - receives the action of the **action verb** examples: The short stop threw the **ball** to first base. **ball** receives the action. short stop threw what? **ball** I bought some **candy** at the mall. **candy** receives the action. I bought what? **candy**
 * Transitive Verbs:**

Indirect Object - noun or pronoun that is after the **action verb** and before the **direct object**. The indirect object answers: to or for whom? to or for what? after the action verb. examples: The quarterback threw the receiver the football. **Quarterback** is the **subjec**t, and he threw what? **football** Football is the **direct object** and to whom did he throw it? **receiver** Receiver is the **indirect object**. My sister bought me a birthday present. **Sister** is the **subject**. Sister bought what? **present** Present is the **direct object.** Sister bought a present for whom? **me** Me is the **indirect object.**

Subject Complements **:** examples: Mr. Williams is cool. The **linking verb, is**, links **cool** the **predicate adjective** back to the **subject**, **Mr. Williams**. Mr. Williams is our teacher. The **linking verb**, **is**, links **teacher**, the **predicate noun** back to the **subject**, **Mr. Williams.** Mr. Williams is one of the best teachers. The **linking verb**, **is**, links **one**, the **predicate pronoun**, back to the **subject**, **Mr. Williams.**

= Prepositions: = Here are some common prepositions: Prepositional Phrases start with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun.

Jim drove **around the house**. I left my shoes **behind the door**.
 * On Saturday** we are going **to the fair**.
 * After the game** we will stop **at a restaurant.**


 * Adjectives-** word that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one.


 * Adverbs-** word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb by telling where, when, in what way, or to what extent.

The **dark** sky was **suddenly** filled with lightening. **Dark** in an adjective because it modifies the word, **sky,** which is a **noun**. **Suddenly** is an **adverb** because it is modifies the word, **filled**, which is a **verb.**


 * Articles**- a,an,the

= Conjunctions - join words, phrases, and sentences.=


 * Coordinating Conjunctions**- but, and, nor, for, so, or, yet - They are used to connect similar words, phrases and sentences. *Use these when forming compound sentences!


 * Subordinating Conjunctions-**​ comes at the beginning of a **dependent clause** and establishes the relationship between the **dependent clause** and **independent clause**.

Go to Sentence Structure or Types of Sentences for examples.